Field Guide
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Roseate Tern

Sterna dougallii

Not yet photographed by the community

Rare and elegant; pinkish flush on breast, long tail streamers.

Species Profile

Red List (UK Birds of Conservation Concern)
Lifespan
15–20 years in the wild
Size & Weight
31–35 cm, wingspan 50–58 cm; 120–150 g
Habitat
Coastal islands and headlands with sparse vegetation, nesting on rocky or sandy substrates close to shallow coastal waters and productive fishing grounds.
UK Distribution
Rare summer breeding visitor to the UK, with small colonies on islands off Scotland, Northern Ireland, and occasionally southern England. Migratory, wintering in African waters.
Diet
Exclusively fish, primarily small species such as sand eels, sprats, and anchovies caught by plunge-diving.
Prey
Sand eels, sprats, anchovies, small herrings
Predators
Great Black-backed Gulls, Lesser Black-backed Gulls, corvids, foxes (at nesting sites), and occasionally peregrine falcons
Mating Season
May to August
Breeding
Clutch size 1–2 eggs; incubation period 21–26 days; fledging at 28–35 days; typically one brood per season.
Behaviour
Highly gregarious, breeding in small colonies and roosting communally. Males perform elaborate hovering and courtship displays with fish offerings. They are agile fliers with distinctive long tail streamers that enhance manoeuvrability during hunting.
Did You Know?
  • Roseate Terns have the longest tail streamers of any UK tern, extending well beyond the wings in flight
  • The species is globally threatened, with UK populations among the rarest in Europe; only a handful of breeding pairs remain
  • They can dive from heights of up to 10 metres to catch fish, sometimes disappearing completely beneath the water surface
  • Roseate Terns have a distinctive harsh, grating call unlike the more musical calls of Common and Arctic Terns
  • Historical records show they were once common around British coasts, but populations crashed dramatically in the 20th century due to persecution and habitat loss

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