- Lifespan
- 8–10 years in the wild
- Size & Weight
- 19–21 cm, wingspan 42–49 cm; 25–45 g
- Habitat
- Breeds on bare or sparsely vegetated ground near freshwater, including gravel pits, reservoirs, lakes, and river shingle beds.
- UK Distribution
- Summer breeding visitor to England, Wales, and southern Scotland (April to September); rare in winter. Populations have expanded northwards and inland since the 1960s.
- Diet
- Feeds on small invertebrates including insects, spiders, and crustaceans, typically picked from the ground or shallow water.
- Prey
- Beetles, flies, small crustaceans, and other small arthropods
- Predators
- Foxes, stoats, crows, gulls, and birds of prey such as Eurasian Kestrels
- Mating Season
- April to July
- Breeding
- Clutch of 4 eggs; incubation period 24–26 days; fledging at 25–27 days. Usually two broods per season, sometimes three.
- Behaviour
- Highly territorial and defensive of nest sites; performs distraction displays including the 'broken wing' routine when threatened. Males are vocal during breeding season with a distinctive 'pee-oo' call.