- Lifespan
- Perennial, typically 2–3 years in cultivation; longer-lived in wild populations
- Size & Weight
- 15–60 cm tall; delicate bell-shaped flowers 12–18 mm in length
- Habitat
- Well-drained grasslands, rocky slopes, cliff edges, and moorland, often in open sunny positions with sparse competition
- UK Distribution
- Found throughout the UK, particularly abundant in Scotland, northern England, Wales, and southwestern England; year-round resident
- Diet
- Not applicable; photosynthetic plant requiring sunlight, water, and soil nutrients
- Predators
- Grazed by rabbits, sheep, and deer; flowers pollinated by bumblebees and other insects which are its primary animal interaction
- Mating Season
- Flowers July to September (late summer)
- Breeding
- Produces numerous tiny seeds dispersed by wind; a single plant can generate thousands of seeds; reproduces by seed only, not vegetatively
- Behaviour
- A perennial herb that forms loose rosettes of rounded basal leaves before sending up slender, leafless flowering stems. The delicate nodding bells are highly attractive to bumblebees, particularly the garden bumblebee, making it an important late-summer nectar source.