- Lifespan
- 2–3 years in the wild, occasionally up to 10 years
- Size & Weight
- 11–12 cm, wingspan 17–21 cm; 7–12 g
- Habitat
- Coniferous and mixed woodlands, parks, gardens, and hedgerows with scattered trees throughout the UK.
- UK Distribution
- Resident throughout the UK year-round, with numbers augmented by continental migrants in autumn and winter.
- Diet
- Insects, spiders, and their larvae during breeding season; seeds from conifers, ash, and sunflowers in winter; also takes nuts at feeders.
- Prey
- Insects, spiders, and small caterpillars; seeds and nuts
- Predators
- Sparrowhawks, Eurasian jays, and domestic cats; eggs and chicks vulnerable to woodpeckers and corvids.
- Mating Season
- March to August
- Breeding
- Two broods per year; clutch size 8–10 eggs; incubation period 14 days; fledging period 16–17 days.
- Behaviour
- Highly acrobatic forager, often hanging upside-down on twigs and branches. Social and often seen in mixed-species winter feeding flocks with other tit species. Males and females form lasting pair bonds and participate in territorial defence.