- Lifespan
- 1 year from emergence as adult; nymphs spend 1–2 years in water
- Size & Weight
- 28–34 mm body length; wingspan 34–42 mm
- Habitat
- Fast-flowing, clear, well-oxygenated streams and small rivers with shaded woodland margins and abundant vegetation.
- UK Distribution
- Restricted to southern England and Wales, particularly the Midlands, Cotswolds, and Welsh borders; resident and non-migratory.
- Diet
- Small flying insects including mayflies, small flies, and gnats caught in flight during aerial hawking.
- Prey
- Small dipterans, mayflies, and other aerial invertebrates
- Predators
- Robber flies, other larger dragonflies, damselfly-eating birds such as kingfishers, and spiders in riparian vegetation.
- Mating Season
- May to August, with peak activity June to July
- Breeding
- Females lay eggs in batches directly into water vegetation or submerged substrates; nymphs develop over 1–2 years with multiple instars; single generation per year.
- Behaviour
- Males are highly territorial and perch conspicuously on waterside vegetation, displaying iridescent blue-black wings. Males perform elaborate aerial displays and chasing sequences to establish dominance and attract females. Females are more cryptic and spend more time in vegetation.